Abstract

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, with profound implications for global agricultural productivity. This research article examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on agriculture through an interdisciplinary approach, integrating climatology, agronomy, economics, environmental science, and policy studies. The study investigates how rising global temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels influence crop yields, soil health, water availability, and pest dynamics. Additionally, it evaluates socio-economic consequences, including food security risks, farmer livelihoods, and market instability. The article also explores adaptation and mitigation strategies, such as climate-smart agriculture (CSA), policy interventions, and technological innovations. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated, sustainable approaches to enhance agricultural resilience and ensure food security in a changing climate.