This study examined the influence of perceived swimming facility inclusiveness on women’s swimming participation intention, with particular attention to the mediating roles of body image anxiety and perceived safety. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected from 387 adult female swimming respondents in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The proposed relationships were examined using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that perceived swimming facility inclusiveness was positively associated with swimming participation intention and perceived safety, while negatively associated with body image anxiety. Body image anxiety was negatively associated with participation intention, whereas perceived safety showed a positive association. Furthermore, both body image anxiety and perceived safety significantly mediated the relationship between perceived facility inclusiveness and swimming participation intention, with both demonstrating partial mediation effects. These findings suggest that women’s swimming participation is shaped not only by their perceptions of the physical and functional qualities of swimming facilities but also by psychological experiences related to body image and personal safety. Creating swimming environments that provide greater privacy, safety, and responsiveness to women’s needs may therefore reduce psychological barriers and support stronger intentions to participate in swimming.