Abstract

This review critically synthesizes contemporary advances in molecular surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses, with particular attention to genomic innovation, digital integration, and the operationalisation of a One Health framework. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how emerging molecular and computational technologies are reshaping vector surveillance systems, to examine ecological and epidemiological determinants of transmission, and to identify operational and ethical constraints influencing implementation across diverse health settings.
A structured narrative review methodology was employed, drawing upon interdisciplinary literature spanning genomics, bioinformatics, digital health systems, predictive analytics, and environmental governance. The analysis integrated conceptual, technological, and policy-oriented perspectives to provide a comprehensive assessment of current capacities and future trajectories in arboviral monitoring.
The findings reveal that high-throughput sequencing, metagenomic profiling, and real-time molecular diagnostics have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and scope of viral detection within vector populations. When combined with cloud-based infrastructures, artificial intelligence–driven modelling, and interoperable data platforms, these tools facilitate early outbreak detection, evolutionary tracking, and spatial risk forecasting. The study further demonstrates that effective surveillance is contingent upon ecological intelligence, climate-sensitive modelling, and participatory governance mechanisms that bridge human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Nonetheless, persistent barriers remain, including infrastructural fragility, inequitable resource distribution, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, data governance complexities, and ethical concerns surrounding algorithmic transparency and cross-border data exchange.
The review concludes that sustainable and resilient surveillance systems must integrate technological sophistication with institutional robustness and inclusive governance. It recommends prioritising interoperable genomic networks, climate-informed predictive analytics, secure digital architectures, and community-engaged One Health strategies. By aligning innovation with equity, accountability, and environmental stewardship, surveillance systems can transition from reactive outbreak containment toward anticipatory and adaptive epidemic preparedness.